中国鳎扁蜡蝉属分类研究(半翅目:蜡蝉总科:扁蜡蝉科)

对中国鳎扁蜡蝉属Tambinia St(a)l的种类进行了研究,并记述采自云南勐仑的该属1新种:勐仑鳎扁蜡蚪Tambinia menglunensis Men & Qin,sp.nov..提供了雄虫整体照片,绘制了雌、雄外生殖器特征图,编制了国内已知种分种检索表.模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.     

FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY AMONG ISOMORPHIC LIFE-HISTORY PHASES OF POLYCAVERNOSA DEBILIS (RHODOPHYTA,GRACILARIACEAE) 1

Morphologically identical but different life-history phases of the red alga Polycavernosa debilis (Forsskål) Fredericq and J. Norris showed no conspicuous differences in physiological or ecological performances. The costs and benefits of ploidy level, as measured by net photosynthesis, calorific content, structural makeup and resistance to predation, were not sufficient to result in statistically significant differences (P > 0.05 ANOA) for the various reproductive phases [haploid male or female (including cystocarps) and diploid tetrasporic]. The lack of measurable functional responses leads to two hypotheses: (1) that adaptive ecological-physiological differences between life-history phases are subtle, or (2) that predominantly genetic / reproductive factors are implicated in maintaining isomorphic life-history phases.     

Development of species-specific SCAR markers for identification of three medicinal species of Phyllanthus

Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. has been widely used in traditional medicine in Thailand as an antipyretic, a diuretic, to treat liver diseases and viral infections. Two closely related species, P. debilis L. and P. urinaria Klein ex Willd., with different and less effective medicinal properties, are less commonly used. These three species are similar in morphology and often occur in overlapping populations in nature. The latter two species can easily be mistaken for P. amarus and collected for medicinal uses, which can lead to undesirable results. DNA fingerprints of these species were obtained using RAPD-PCR techniques. RAPD markers specific for each species were identified. Primers for highly specific sequence-characterized-amplified-regions (SCAR) were then designed from nucleotide sequences of specific RAPD markers. These primers efficiently amplified SCAR markers of 408, 501 and 319 bp unique to P. amarus, P. debilis and P. urinaria respectively. This method of plant identification was rapid and highly specific when tested against DNA of several closely related species and was able to amplify specific markers from mixed DNA samples.     

Development of species-specific SCAR markers for identification of three medicinal species of Phyllanthus

Phyllanthus amarus Schum.& Thonn.has been widely used in traditional medicine in Thailand as an antipyretic.a diuretic.to treat liver diseases and viml infections.Two closely related species,P. debills L.and P.urinaria KIein ex Willd.,with different and less effective medicinal properties,are less commonly used.These three species are similar in morphology and often Occur in overlapping populations in nature.The latter two species can easily be mistaken for P.amarus and collected for medicinal uses, which can lead to undesirable results.DNA fingerprints of these species were obtained using RAPD-PCR techniques.RAPD markers specific for each species were identified.Primers for highly specific sequence-characterized-amplified-regions (SCAR) were then designed from nucleotide sequences of specific RAPD markers.These primers efficiently amplified SCAR markers of 408,501 and 319 bp unique to P.amarus,P.debilis and P.urinaria respectively.This method of plant identification Was rapid and highly specific when tested against DNA of several closely related species and was able to amplify specific markers from mixed DNA samples.     

灰绒麝凤蝶的饲养和生物学习性观察

药用植物是中国西南岩溶地区的重要植物资源之一,昆虫传粉对药用植物的遗传多样性和可持续利用十分重要。本研究对灰绒麝凤蝶（ Byasa mencius）开展饲养实验,结合野外定点观察,记录访花、取食、化蛹和羽化等行为和习性,分析实验饲养条件下影响化蛹和羽化的主要因素,探讨人工饲养方法。结果表明,灰绒麝凤蝶对多个科、属的多种药用植物具有访花和传粉行为,在实验室饲养条件下,食料的充沛程度、湿度和饲养方式等直接影响着化蛹和羽化的成功率。该研究可为灰绒麝凤蝶的规模化养殖和蝶类资源的开发提供参考。     

鳖扁蜡蝉和娇弱鳎扁蜡蝉雌性生殖器的描述(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,扁蜡蝉科)

对扁蜡蝉科(半翅目,蜡蝉总科)中鳖扁蜡蝉Cixiopsis punctatus Matsumura和娇弱鳎扁蜡蝉Tambinia debilis St(a)l的雌性生殖器进行了详细描述,绘制特征图并指明各部分的结构名称.结果表明前者生殖管道属于单开口类型,而后者是双开口类型.雌性生殖器特征可为分类学和系统发育分析提供更多的参考信息.